COLOR

  • OLED vs QLED – What TV is better?

     

    Supported by LG, Philips, Panasonic and Sony sell the OLED system TVs.
    OLED stands for “organic light emitting diode.”
    It is a fundamentally different technology from LCD, the major type of TV today.
    OLED is “emissive,” meaning the pixels emit their own light.

     

    Samsung is branding its best TVs with a new acronym: “QLED”
    QLED (according to Samsung) stands for “quantum dot LED TV.”
    It is a variation of the common LED LCD, adding a quantum dot film to the LCD “sandwich.”
    QLED, like LCD, is, in its current form, “transmissive” and relies on an LED backlight.

     

    OLED is the only technology capable of absolute blacks and extremely bright whites on a per-pixel basis. LCD definitely can’t do that, and even the vaunted, beloved, dearly departed plasma couldn’t do absolute blacks.

    QLED, as an improvement over OLED, significantly improves the picture quality. QLED can produce an even wider range of colors than OLED, which says something about this new tech. QLED is also known to produce up to 40% higher luminance efficiency than OLED technology. Further, many tests conclude that QLED is far more efficient in terms of power consumption than its predecessor, OLED.

     

    When analyzing TVs color, it may be beneficial to consider at least 3 elements:
    “Color Depth”, “Color Gamut”, and “Dynamic Range”.

     

    Color Depth (or “Bit-Depth”, e.g. 8-bit, 10-bit, 12-bit) determines how many distinct color variations (tones/shades) can be viewed on a given display.

     

    Color Gamut (e.g. WCG) determines which specific colors can be displayed from a given “Color Space” (Rec.709, Rec.2020, DCI-P3) (i.e. the color range).

     

    Dynamic Range (SDR, HDR) determines the luminosity range of a specific color – from its darkest shade (or tone) to its brightest.

     

    The overall brightness range of a color will be determined by a display’s “contrast ratio”, that is, the ratio of luminance between the darkest black that can be produced and the brightest white.

     

    Color Volume is the “Color Gamut” + the “Dynamic/Luminosity Range”.
    A TV’s Color Volume will not only determine which specific colors can be displayed (the color range) but also that color’s luminosity range, which will have an affect on its “brightness”, and “colorfulness” (intensity and saturation).

     

    The better the colour volume in a TV, the closer to life the colours appear.

     

    QLED TV can express nearly all of the colours in the DCI-P3 colour space, and of those colours, express 100% of the colour volume, thereby producing an incredible range of colours.

     

    With OLED TV, when the image is too bright, the percentage of the colours in the colour volume produced by the TV drops significantly. The colours get washed out and can only express around 70% colour volume, making the picture quality drop too.

     

    Note. OLED TV uses organic material, so it may lose colour expression as it ages.

     

    Resources for more reading and comparison below

    www.avsforum.com/forum/166-lcd-flat-panel-displays/2812161-what-color-volume.html

     

    www.newtechnologytv.com/qled-vs-oled/

     

    news.samsung.com/za/qled-tv-vs-oled-tv

     

    www.cnet.com/news/qled-vs-oled-samsungs-tv-tech-and-lgs-tv-tech-are-not-the-same/

     

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    Read more: OLED vs QLED – What TV is better?
  • Tobia Montanari – Memory Colors: an essential tool for Colorists

    https://www.tobiamontanari.com/memory-colors-an-essential-tool-for-colorists/

     

    “Memory colors are colors that are universally associated with specific objects, elements or scenes in our environment. They are the colors that we expect to see in specific situations: these colors are based on our expectation of how certain objects should look based on our past experiences and memories.

     

    For instance, we associate specific hues, saturation and brightness values with human skintones and a slight variation can significantly affect the way we perceive a scene.

     

    Similarly, we expect blue skies to have a particular hue, green trees to be a specific shade and so on.

     

    Memory colors live inside of our brains and we often impose them onto what we see. By considering them during the grading process, the resulting image will be more visually appealing and won’t distract the viewer from the intended message of the story. Even a slight deviation from memory colors in a movie can create a sense of discordance, ultimately detracting from the viewer’s experience.”

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    Read more: Tobia Montanari – Memory Colors: an essential tool for Colorists
  • Eye retina’s Bipolar Cells, Horizontal Cells, and Photoreceptors

    In the retina, photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and horizontal cells work together to process visual information before it reaches the brain. Here’s how each cell type contributes to vision:

     

    1. Photoreceptors

    • Types: There are two main types of photoreceptors: rods and cones.
      • Rods: Specialized for low-light and peripheral vision; they help us see in dim lighting and detect motion.
      • Cones: Specialized for color and detail; they function best in bright light and are concentrated in the central retina (the fovea), allowing for high-resolution vision.
    • Function: Photoreceptors convert light into electrical signals. When light hits the retina, photoreceptors undergo a chemical change, triggering an electrical response that initiates the visual process. Rods and cones detect different intensities and colors, providing the foundation for brightness and color perception.

     

    2. Bipolar Cells

    • Function: Bipolar cells act as intermediaries, connecting photoreceptors to ganglion cells, which send signals to the brain. They receive input from photoreceptors and relay it to the retinal ganglion cells.
    • On and Off Bipolar Cells: Some bipolar cells are ON cells, responding when light is detected (depolarizing in light), and others are OFF cells, responding in darkness (depolarizing in the absence of light). This division allows for more precise contrast detection and the ability to distinguish light from dark areas in the visual field.

     

    3. Horizontal Cells

    • Function: Horizontal cells connect photoreceptors to each other and create lateral interactions between them. They integrate signals from multiple photoreceptors, allowing them to adjust the sensitivity of neighboring photoreceptors in response to varying light conditions.
    • Lateral Inhibition: This process improves visual contrast and sharpness by making the borders between light and dark areas more distinct, enhancing our ability to perceive edges and fine detail.

     

    These three types of cells work together to help the retina preprocess visual information and perception, emphasizing contrast and adjusting for different lighting conditions before signals are sent to the brain for further processing and interpretation.

     

     

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    Read more: Eye retina’s Bipolar Cells, Horizontal Cells, and Photoreceptors

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