COLOR

  • Types of Film Lights and their efficiency – CRI, Color Temperature and Luminous Efficacy

    nofilmschool.com/types-of-film-lights

     

    “Not every light performs the same way. Lights and lighting are tricky to handle. You have to plan for every circumstance. But the good news is, lighting can be adjusted. Let’s look at different factors that affect lighting in every scene you shoot. ”

    Use CRI, Luminous Efficacy and color temperature controls to match your needs.

     

    Color Temperature
    Color temperature describes the “color” of white light by a light source radiated by a perfect black body at a given temperature measured in degrees Kelvin

     

    https://www.pixelsham.com/2019/10/18/color-temperature/

     

    CRI
    “The Color Rendering Index is a measurement of how faithfully a light source reveals the colors of whatever it illuminates, it describes the ability of a light source to reveal the color of an object, as compared to the color a natural light source would provide. The highest possible CRI is 100. A CRI of 100 generally refers to a perfect black body, like a tungsten light source or the sun. ”

     

    https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-color-rendering-index/

     

     

     

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_rendering_index

     

    Light source CCT (K) CRI
    Low-pressure sodium (LPS/SOX) 1800 −44
    Clear mercury-vapor 6410 17
    High-pressure sodium (HPS/SON) 2100 24
    Coated mercury-vapor 3600 49
    Halophosphate warm-white fluorescent 2940 51
    Halophosphate cool-white fluorescent 4230 64
    Tri-phosphor warm-white fluorescent 2940 73
    Halophosphate cool-daylight fluorescent 6430 76
    “White” SON 2700 82
    Standard LED Lamp 2700–5000 83
    Quartz metal halide 4200 85
    Tri-phosphor cool-white fluorescent 4080 89
    High-CRI LED lamp (blue LED) 2700–5000 95
    Ceramic discharge metal-halide lamp 5400 96
    Ultra-high-CRI LED lamp (violet LED) 2700–5000 99
    Incandescent/halogen bulb 3200 100

     

    Luminous Efficacy
    Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light, watts out versus watts in, measured in lumens per watt. In other words it is a measurement that indicates the ability of a light source to emit visible light using a given amount of power. It is a ratio of the visible energy to the power that goes into the bulb.

     

    FILM LIGHT TYPES

    https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/video-lighting-kits/?utm_campaign=Weekly_Newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=sendgrid&utm_term=production-lighting&utm_content=production-lighting

     

     

     

    Consumer light types

     

    https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Emission-spectra-of-different-light-sources-a-incandescent-tungsten-light-bulb-b_fig1_312320039

     

    http://dev.informationdisplay.org/IDArchive/2015/NovemberDecember/FrontlineTechnologyCandleLikeEmission.aspx

     

     

    Tungsten Lights
    Light interiors and match domestic places or office locations. Daylight.

    Advantages of Tungsten Lights
    Almost perfect color rendition
    Low cost
    Does not use mercury like CFLs (fluorescent) or mercury vapor lights
    Better color temperature than standard tungsten
    Longer life than a conventional incandescent
    Instant on to full brightness, no warm-up time, and it is dimmable

    Disadvantages of Tungsten Lights
    Extremely hot
    High power requirement
    The lamp is sensitive to oils and cannot be touched
    The bulb is capable of blowing and sending hot glass shards outward. A screen or layer of glass on the outside of the lamp can protect users.

     

     

    Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lights
    HMI’s are used when high output is required. They are also used to recreate sun shining through windows or to fake additional sun while shooting exteriors. HMIs can light huge areas at once.

    Advantages of HMI lights
    High light output
    Higher efficiency
    High color temperature

    Disadvantages of HMI lights:
    High cost
    High power requirement
    Dims only to about 50%
    the color temperature increases with dimming
    HMI bulbs will explode is dropped and release toxic chemicals

     

     

    Fluorescent
    Fluorescent film lighting is achieved by laying multiple tubes next to each other, combining as many as you want for the desired brightness. The good news is you can choose your bulbs to either be warm or cool depending on the scenario you’re shooting. You want to get these bulbs close to the subject because they’re not great at opening up spaces. Fluorescent lighting is used to light interiors and is more compact and cooler than tungsten or HMI lighting.

    Advantages of Fluorescent lights
    High efficiency
    Low power requirement
    Low cost
    Long lamp life
    Cool
    Capable of soft even lighting over a large area
    Lightweight

    Disadvantages of Fluorescent lights
    Flicker
    High CRI
    Domestic tubes have low CRI & poor color rendition.

     

     

    LED
    LED’s are more and more common on film sets. You can use batteries to power them. That makes them portable and sleek – no messy cabled needed. You can rig your own panels of LED lights to fit any space necessary as well. LED’s can also power Fresnel style lamp heads such as the Arri L-series.

    Advantages of LED light
    Soft, even lighting
    Pure light without UV-artifacts
    High efficiency
    Low power consumption, can be battery powered
    Excellent dimming by means of pulse width modulation control
    Long lifespan
    Environmentally friendly
    Insensitive to shock
    No risk of explosion

    Disadvantages of LED light
    High cost.
    LED’s are currently still expensive for their total light output

    (more…)

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    Read more: Types of Film Lights and their efficiency – CRI, Color Temperature and Luminous Efficacy
  • No one could see the colour blue until modern times

    https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-blue-and-how-do-we-see-color-2015-2

     

    The way that humans see the world… until we have a way to describe something, even something so fundamental as a colour, we may not even notice that something it’s there.

     

    Ancient languages didn’t have a word for blue — not Greek, not Chinese, not Japanese, not Hebrew, not Icelandic cultures. And without a word for the colour, there’s evidence that they may not have seen it at all.

    https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/211119-colors

     

    Every language first had a word for black and for white, or dark and light. The next word for a colour to come into existence — in every language studied around the world — was red, the colour of blood and wine.

    After red, historically, yellow appears, and later, green (though in a couple of languages, yellow and green switch places). The last of these colours to appear in every language is blue.

     

    The only ancient culture to develop a word for blue was the Egyptians — and as it happens, they were also the only culture that had a way to produce a blue dye.

    https://mymodernmet.com/shades-of-blue-color-history/

     

    Considered to be the first ever synthetically produced color pigment, Egyptian blue (also known as cuprorivaite) was created around 2,200 B.C. It was made from ground limestone mixed with sand and a copper-containing mineral, such as azurite or malachite, which was then heated between 1470 and 1650°F. The result was an opaque blue glass which then had to be crushed and combined with thickening agents such as egg whites to create a long-lasting paint or glaze.

     

     

    If you think about it, blue doesn’t appear much in nature — there aren’t animals with blue pigments (except for one butterfly, Obrina Olivewing, all animals generate blue through light scattering), blue eyes are rare (also blue through light scattering), and blue flowers are mostly human creations. There is, of course, the sky, but is that really blue?

     

     

    So before we had a word for it, did people not naturally see blue? Do you really see something if you don’t have a word for it?

     

    A researcher named Jules Davidoff traveled to Namibia to investigate this, where he conducted an experiment with the Himba tribe, who speak a language that has no word for blue or distinction between blue and green. When shown a circle with 11 green squares and one blue, they couldn’t pick out which one was different from the others.

     

    When looking at a circle of green squares with only one slightly different shade, they could immediately spot the different one. Can you?

     

    Davidoff says that without a word for a colour, without a way of identifying it as different, it’s much harder for us to notice what’s unique about it — even though our eyes are physically seeing the blocks it in the same way.

     

    Further research brought to wider discussions about color perception in humans. Everything that we make is based on the fact that humans are trichromatic. The television only has 3 colors. Our color printers have 3 different colors. But some people, and in specific some women seemed to be more sensible to color differences… mainly because they’re just more aware or – because of the job that they do.

    Eventually this brought to the discovery of a small percentage of the population, referred to as tetrachromats, which developed an extra cone sensitivity to yellow, likely due to gene modifications.

    The interesting detail about these is that even between tetrachromats, only the ones that had a reason to develop, label and work with extra color sensitivity actually developed the ability to use their native skills.

     

    So before blue became a common concept, maybe humans saw it. But it seems they didn’t know they were seeing it.

    If you see something yet can’t see it, does it exist? Did colours come into existence over time? Not technically, but our ability to notice them… may have…

     

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  • Black Body color aka the Planckian Locus curve for white point eye perception

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation

     

    Black-body radiation is the type of electromagnetic radiation within or surrounding a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, or emitted by a black body (an opaque and non-reflective body) held at constant, uniform temperature. The radiation has a specific spectrum and intensity that depends only on the temperature of the body.

     

    A black-body at room temperature appears black, as most of the energy it radiates is infra-red and cannot be perceived by the human eye. At higher temperatures, black bodies glow with increasing intensity and colors that range from dull red to blindingly brilliant blue-white as the temperature increases.

    The Black Body Ultraviolet Catastrophe Experiment

     

    In photography, color temperature describes the spectrum of light which is radiated from a “blackbody” with that surface temperature. A blackbody is an object which absorbs all incident light — neither reflecting it nor allowing it to pass through.

     

    The Sun closely approximates a black-body radiator. Another rough analogue of blackbody radiation in our day to day experience might be in heating a metal or stone: these are said to become “red hot” when they attain one temperature, and then “white hot” for even higher temperatures. Similarly, black bodies at different temperatures also have varying color temperatures of “white light.”

     

    Despite its name, light which may appear white does not necessarily contain an even distribution of colors across the visible spectrum.

     

    Although planets and stars are neither in thermal equilibrium with their surroundings nor perfect black bodies, black-body radiation is used as a first approximation for the energy they emit. Black holes are near-perfect black bodies, and it is believed that they emit black-body radiation (called Hawking radiation), with a temperature that depends on the mass of the hole.

     

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  • A Brief History of Color in Art

    www.artsy.net/article/the-art-genome-project-a-brief-history-of-color-in-art

    Of all the pigments that have been banned over the centuries, the color most missed by painters is likely Lead White.

    This hue could capture and reflect a gleam of light like no other, though its production was anything but glamorous. The 17th-century Dutch method for manufacturing the pigment involved layering cow and horse manure over lead and vinegar. After three months in a sealed room, these materials would combine to create flakes of pure white. While scientists in the late 19th century identified lead as poisonous, it wasn’t until 1978 that the United States banned the production of lead white paint.

    More reading:
    www.canva.com/learn/color-meanings/

    https://www.infogrades.com/history-events-infographics/bizarre-history-of-colors/

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    Read more: A Brief History of Color in Art

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